{"id":1187,"date":"2020-07-22T14:03:14","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T14:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aurorasaurudev.wpengine.com\/?p=1187"},"modified":"2023-12-26T21:48:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T21:48:26","slug":"another-lively-season-of-night-shining-clouds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=1187","title":{"rendered":"Another Lively Season of Night-Shining Clouds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>by <a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/about\/kasha-patel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kasha Patel<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Reposted from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/146950\/another-lively-season-of-night-shining-clouds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Earth Observatory<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1188\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1188\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/north_aim_2020175.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1188\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/north_aim_2020175.png\" alt=\"June 23, 2020\" width=\"720\" height=\"545\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1188\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">June 23, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Every summer in the Northern Hemisphere, electric blue streaks form high in the atmosphere. These seasonal clouds typically lurk about 80 kilometers (50 miles) overhead in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/shortcontent\/mesosphere-overview\">the mesosphere<\/a>\u00a0around the Arctic, but every once in a while they form at lower latitudes.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/images\/145202\/clouds-light-the-night\">In 2019<\/a>, the clouds showed up in places where they were only rarely seen in the previous decade, including California, Colorado, and France. This year, the clouds are equally impressive.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2018s another incredible year,\u201d said\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/lasp.colorado.edu\/home\/personnel\/lynn.harvey\/\">Lynn Harvey<\/a>, an atmospheric scientist at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado. \u201cWhen noctilucent clouds extend to mid-latitudes\u2014where people live and notice them on a daily basis\u2014we consider that a noteworthy season.\u201d This year\u2019s clouds have been seen\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/spaceweathergallery.com\/nlc_gallery.html\">as far south<\/a>\u00a0as Joshua Tree, California.<\/p>\n<p>Noctilucent clouds form when water vapor aggregates and freezes around specks of meteor dust floating in the mesosphere. These thin, wavy ice clouds reflect sunlight and usually shine bright blue and white. Known as \u201cnight-shining\u201d clouds, they typically appear around dusk or dawn when the Sun is below the horizon at an angle that lights the clouds from below.<\/p>\n<p>The image above shows a satellite view of noctilucent clouds on June 23, 2020. The image is centered on the North Pole and is stitched together from data acquired in several orbital passes by NASA\u2019s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/aim.hamptonu.edu\/\">Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere<\/a>\u00a0(AIM) spacecraft. AIM\u2019s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/lasp.colorado.edu\/aim\/\">Cloud Imaging and Particle Size<\/a>\u00a0(CIPS) instrument measures albedo, or the amount of light reflected back to space by the high-altitude clouds. The clouds appear in various shades of light blue to white, depending on the properties of the ice particles.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fJL0tjuLYg4\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fJL0tjuLYg4&amp;feature=youtu.be\">video<\/a>\u00a0above shows noctilucent clouds on July 7, 2020, at around 3:30 a.m. approximately 30 minutes north of Calgary, Canada. After snapping photos of noctilucent clouds for nearly a decade, photographer Chris Ratzlaff noted that he has had more sightings in 2020 than in past years.<\/p>\n<p>Harvey said this year\u2019s atmospheric conditions have been outstanding for noctilucent cloud formation. The clouds largely need cold temperatures and high water vapor concentrations\u2014both of which have been present this summer and at record-breaking levels on some days at some latitudes.<\/p>\n<p>The graphs below show daily average temperature and water vapor concentrations at 80\u00b0N latitude for the past 14 years (2007-2020). The graphs are based on data from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/mls.jpl.nasa.gov\/index-eos-mls.php\">Microwave Limb Sounder<\/a>\u00a0on NASA\u2019s Aura satellite.<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel image-viewer-panel\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_1189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1189\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/mesosphere_mls_2007-2020.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1189\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/mesosphere_mls_2007-2020.png\" alt=\"May 1, 2007 - July 2, 2020\" width=\"720\" height=\"617\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1189\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">May 1, 2007 &#8211; July 2, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Note that on May 24, 2020, the mesosphere dropped to its coldest temperature in 14 years of records; that cold persisted into June. The mesosphere was also wetter than normal at the beginning of May, then the water vapor was likely converted to water-ice as the cloud season ensued. However, water vapor concentrations at lower altitudes (where clouds are more sparse) indicated an extremely wet atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p>Harvey said the extra moisture and colder-than-normal temperatures can be traced to a few factors. First, the Sun is in a period of lower activity known as a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/science-news\/news-articles\/solar-minimum-is-coming\">solar minimum<\/a>, so there is less ultraviolet radiation breaking up water molecules at high altitudes. Second, the mesosphere may be wetter due to air rising from lower layers of the atmosphere and carrying more moisture into the region.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe do not yet understand whether the cold and wet conditions this year and last are due to solar influences or atmospheric circulation patterns,\u201d said Harvey.<\/p>\n<p><i>NASA Earth Observatory images by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/about\/joshua-stevens\">Joshua Stevens<\/a>, using data from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/lasp.colorado.edu\/aim\/\">University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics<\/a>\u00a0and analysis courtesy of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/mls.jpl.nasa.gov\/data\/\">MLS team<\/a>\u00a0and V. Lynn Harvey\/CU\/LASP. Video courtesy of Chris Ratzlaff\/Alberta Aurora Chasers. Story by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/about\/kasha-patel\">Kasha Patel<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Kasha Patel Reposted from\u00a0NASA Earth Observatory\u00a0 Every summer in the Northern Hemisphere, electric blue streaks form high in the atmosphere. These seasonal clouds typically lurk about 80 kilometers (50 miles) overhead in\u00a0the mesosphere\u00a0around the Arctic, but every once in a while they form at lower latitudes.\u00a0In 2019, the clouds showed up in places where&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=1187\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Another Lively Season of Night-Shining Clouds<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,17],"tags":[20,21,23],"class_list":["post-1187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-other-resources-for-aurora-hunters","tag-auroras","tag-citizen-science","tag-northern-lights"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1187"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1187\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}