{"id":2096,"date":"2024-07-29T20:48:21","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T20:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aurorasaurudev.wpengine.com\/?p=2096"},"modified":"2024-07-29T21:37:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T21:37:58","slug":"what-goes-into-an-aurorasaurus-report-and-what-can-we-learn-together","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=2096","title":{"rendered":"What goes into an Aurorasaurus report, and what can we learn together?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the May 10-11 aurora superstorm, a frequent question we have received is \u201cwhat makes a good report? What makes a good photo?\u201d While <\/span><b>all reports are amazing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the answer may surprise you! In this post we\u2019ll walk you through things to include, go <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2018EA000454\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">behind the scenes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on how data is cleaned for scientific use, and give some examples of how you are making a difference. Most of all, we are grateful to everyone for participating in Aurorasaurus!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to learn more, we would love for you to <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/reportfall24\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">join us<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at our next <\/span><b>Report-A-Thon: Sat, Sept 21, 1-4 pm <\/b><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/savvytime.com\/converter\/cet-to-utc-et-pt-akdt-australia-sydney-new-zealand-wellington\"><b>EDT<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It\u2019s a fun, online social we hold twice a year to celebrate our amazing volunteers and do participatory science together. You can help gather data to advance aurora science, ask your questions to experts, and hang out with a community of aurora lovers. Register at <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/reportfall24\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/reportfall24<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to Make a Report<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>ALL reports are useful!<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Both positive reports (that you have seen aurora) and <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=1882\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">negative reports<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (that you have <\/span><b>not<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> seen aurora) are important. They help determine things like <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=312\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how far away the aurora was visible<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, how well models <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1364682617303413\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">predicted the event<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and whether factors like light pollution or clouds made the aurora hard to see. Report photos don\u2019t have to be perfect\u2014some of the most interesting were captured on the fly when the aurora did something unusual!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mZu1jvx9h4k\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Click here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for a quick-start video on how to make reports to the <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aurorasaurus.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">website<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Web reports can be made in real time, or backdated. Multiple reports can be made per day. You can make an account or report anonymously, but we prefer that you log in. With an account, you can see all of your reports and receive our monthly newsletter. Logged-in users also receive two different kinds of aurora <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=1983\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">notifications<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by email: one when a model predicts aurora near you, and one when other users actually see aurora near you. When you make your report, you will have the following options to add scientifically valuable information to your observation. We work to make the reporting process easy for you, useful as a real-time map, and scientifically valuable as archived data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mZu1jvx9h4k?si=MsBW7LPwxxKcXOov\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most important: place, time, and date<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Location<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data marking where the aurora is visible from the ground is important for several reasons, not least to help <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/2016EA000167\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">refine models<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Our website maps a version of a widely-used aurora model called <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swpc.noaa.gov\/products\/aurora-30-minute-forecast\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OVATION Prime<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which shows where aurora is expected to be overhead and calculates a red \u201cview line\u201d at which it should be visible from the side. Models need to be confirmed by observations, though, and your reports serve as \u201cground-truth\u201d validation of the view line. Sometimes, Aurorasaurus participatory scientists\u2014like you\u2014report auroras beyond the calculated view line. Once the website reaches a certain amount of reports past the view line, our version of the model <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=312\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reworks the view line<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to include these observations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2098\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2098\" style=\"width: 1241px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2098\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320.png\" alt=\"Aurorasaurus map of North America shows the aurora and reports, with a view line cutting across the southern US. clusters of reports in Texas, Alabama, and South Carolina push sections of the line further south. \" width=\"1241\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320.png 1241w, https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320-1024x506.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-05-11-142320-768x379.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1241px) 100vw, 1241px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2098\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurorasaurus map shown on May 11, 2024, at 2:30AM EDT. There were enough concentrated participatory science reports in Texas, Alabama, and South Carolina to alter the view line in those areas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This data can also help refine other models and help with studying space weather. Note: For privacy reasons, locations are automatically fuzzed by a random amount up to 1 kilometer as soon as they are entered by the user.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Time and Date<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aurora is constantly moving and changing, and it\u2019s very helpful for scientists to have data that captures the same moment from different locations. Doing so can help with studying interesting features or calculating the altitude of different parts of the aurora. In order to match up your sightings with other reports and scientific data, we need an accurate measure of when you saw the aurora. If you are submitting photos, please <\/span><b>synchronize the time on your camera<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to an accurate clock like your phone. This helps with accurately matching photos taken at the same time from different locations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can make your report in your own local timezone; the site will show your local time, and data times will be standardized when they go into the database. You have choices about how to report the duration of your observation: you can make one report for the whole observation, or report in 15-minute increments. We recommended making the duration 3 hours or less. When we clean data, reports longer than 3 hours are generally filtered out, since they may contain errors or not be specific enough for analysis. It can be helpful to <\/span><b>double check the time and date<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before submitting your report, especially to make sure that the end time is correct and the report didn\u2019t accidentally cover multiple days.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We love real-time reports, and they are very helpful during aurora events, but even if you aren\u2019t able to report in real time your observations are still important.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helpful but optional: tell us more<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Features<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are a few other questions in the reporting form: <\/span><b>what colors did you see, what type of aurora did you see, where in the sky and how active was it?<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These are all optional, but help reconstruct the event and contain scientifically valuable information that can be separated into useful categories for analysis. For example, if a researcher is particularly interested in <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=2030\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">red auroras<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they will be able to use the data from the \u201cwhat colors did you see\u201d field to pull out observations to analyze. Generally speaking, the more info the better, but if you can\u2019t get to it, that\u2019s okay too.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Additional Comments<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These fields are your opportunity to tell us more about what you observed. Did STEVE make an appearance? Did you observe a cool shape or something unusual? Did you notice sounds, changes in animal behavior, or something else when the aurora appeared? Do you want to add details to any questions you were unsure of how to answer? Please note that while we meticulously clean our data before publication, it\u2019s still better to avoid putting personal information like emails or addresses into this field. If you have questions, please feel free to reach out to us by email at <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"mailto:aurorasaurus.info@gmail.com\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aurorasaurus.info@gmail.com<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Photos<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Photographic data is one of the strongest ways that participatory scientists can gather data, and we are grateful for any photos! They do not have to be refined\u2013in fact, while we prefer RAW and unprocessed images when possible, any kind of photo makes a good addition to a report. You can upload any type of image file, and there is no file size limit. A shot of STEVE, a picture through clouds, an image of an aurora\u2019s most active time, a back of camera pic, an unusual phenomenon: anything could have important information within it. The aurora changes quickly and rare phenomena like <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=398\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">auroral beads<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can occur rapidly. Photographers have advantages in capturing these kinds of events. For example, it can be very difficult for stationary scientific cameras to observe aurora on cloudy days, but aurora chasers are <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/astronomy-and-space-sciences\/articles\/10.3389\/fspas.2023.1165254\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agile<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can make successful observations despite things like cloud cover.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you submit a report, you agree to our <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?page_id=1064\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terms of Use<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which were written to inform and collect data with consent for research use. A major goal for the Aurorasaurus project is for the resulting dataset (including photos) to be made available for research use and collaboration. We only publish anonymized data and protect your privacy. Please read the full <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?page_id=1064\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for further descriptions of how we use your reports.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Please note that while the website does not currently have a way to upload timelapses, videos, or bulk photos, you can reach out to us by email for alternatives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2097\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2097\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Liz-storm-screenshots-May-10-11-2024.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2097\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Liz-storm-screenshots-May-10-11-2024.gif\" alt=\"An animated gif shows reports popping up as the Earth rotates underneath the aurora. Some are highlighted, displaying descriptions or photos. \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1227\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2097\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animated gif of Aurorasaurus reports from the May 10-11, 2024 storm, many with photos attached.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Happens to the Reports?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your reports show up on the website, including mini thumbnails of any images you submitted. The reports are also gathered into a database. Aurorasaurus analyzes the data, and our datasets are cleaned for public distribution. This takes time, as the reviewers go through the data by hand, point by point. It also means that you don\u2019t need to worry about \u201cmessing up\u201d a report, as any potential errors will be caught and removed from the dataset. You can see our first data release, <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2018EA000454\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as .csv files <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/1255196\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on Zenodo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We are working on cleaning more, especially for the May 10-11, 2024 storm. When the data is cleaned and released, we will notify everyone via our monthly newsletter.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2015SW001214\">Aurorasaurus<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> participants have already made a difference<\/strong> by submitting reports. A few additional examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2015 we <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2015GL063709\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">showed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> activity on Twitter grew with the size of an aurora storm, so it was exciting but not surprising to see the massive response to the large May 10-11, 2024 event.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, in collaboration with participatory scientists and scientists, Aurorasaurus <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1126\/sciadv.aaq0030\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the first modern paper about STEVE, the optical manifestation of an extreme SAID. There will likely be new discoveries to come, as there are lots of science questions that can be explored using this data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have been eagerly anticipating the massive imaging potential for this solar maximum, with smartphones capable of photographing the aurora. You all made that a reality! After the May 10-11, 2024 storm, we realized that we had not ever even imaged a superstorm with digital photos. Back in 2003, during the last superstorm, most people did not even have digital cameras, let alone smartphones!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thank you!<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The participatory science at the heart of Aurorasaurus is only possible because of the amazing volunteers who turn their passion for the aurora into reports for science. While this post has gone into detail on ways to add more data into a report, <\/span><b>we are grateful for all aurora reports whether made by new participants or regulars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thank you for being part of Aurorasaurus!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Don\u2019t forget to <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/reportfall24\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">register<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to join us at the Report-a-Thon!\u00a0 There will be prizes (including <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=2079\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aurora altitude hats<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">!)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since the May 10-11 aurora superstorm, a frequent question we have received is \u201cwhat makes a good report? What makes a good photo?\u201d While all reports are amazing, the answer may surprise you! In this post we\u2019ll walk you through things to include, go behind the scenes on how data is cleaned for scientific use,&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/?p=2096\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">What goes into an Aurorasaurus report, and what can we learn together?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2098,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[20,21,23,19],"class_list":["post-2096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-aurorasaurus","tag-auroras","tag-citizen-science","tag-northern-lights","tag-steve"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.aurorasaurus.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}